Definition
Definition of Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are
compounds consisting of carbon atoms (C) and hydrogen atoms (H). All
hydrocarbons have carbon chains and hydrogen atoms binding these chains. For
example, if the open carbon chain is called an aliphatic carbon compound such
as alkane, alkene and alkaline hydrocarbons while the carbon chain is closed,
it is called an alicyclic carbon compound such as cyclopentane and aromatic
compounds such as benzene compounds. The carbon atom (C) with atomic number 6
has the electron arrangement K = 2 and L = 4. Carbon atoms have 4 valence
electrons and can form four covalent bonds. For example, a CH4 (methane)
molecule that has a fairly simple diagram below.
Classification
of Hydrocarbons
The hydrocarbon classifications grouped by organic nomenclature are:
Saturated / saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) are the simplest hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are composed entirely of single bonds and bonded with hydrogen. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n + 2. Saturated hydrocarbons are the main compositions of fossil fuels and are found in both straight and branched chains. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called structural isomers.
Unsaturated / unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons having one or more double bonds, both duplicate and triplicate. Hydrocarbons having a double bond are called alkenes, with the general formula CnH2n. A hydrocarbon having a triple bond is called an alkene, with the general formula CnH2n-2
Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon rings. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons with 1 ring is CnH2n.
The hydrocarbon classifications grouped by organic nomenclature are:
Saturated / saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) are the simplest hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are composed entirely of single bonds and bonded with hydrogen. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n + 2. Saturated hydrocarbons are the main compositions of fossil fuels and are found in both straight and branched chains. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called structural isomers.
Unsaturated / unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons having one or more double bonds, both duplicate and triplicate. Hydrocarbons having a double bond are called alkenes, with the general formula CnH2n. A hydrocarbon having a triple bond is called an alkene, with the general formula CnH2n-2
Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon rings. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons with 1 ring is CnH2n.
General
characteristics
Since the molecular structure is different, the empirical formula between hydrocarbons is also different: the amount of hydrocarbons attached to the alkene and the alkalo must be less because the carbon atoms are double bonded.
The ability of hydrocarbons to bind to itself is called cata- tation, and causes hydrocarbons to form more complex compounds, such as cyclohexane or arenas such as benzene. This ability is obtained because the bonding characteristics among carbon atoms are non-polar.
In accordance with the theory of valence bonds, carbon atoms must satisfy the "4-hydrogen" rule which states the maximum number of atoms that can bind to carbon, since carbon has 4 valence electrons. Seen from these valence electrons, carbon has 4 electrons that can form covalent bonds or dativ bonds.
Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic and are included in lipids.
Some hydrocarbons are available in abundance in the solar system. The lake contains methane and liquid ethane have been found on Titan, Saturn's largest natural satellite, as stated by the Cassini-Huygens Mission.
Since the molecular structure is different, the empirical formula between hydrocarbons is also different: the amount of hydrocarbons attached to the alkene and the alkalo must be less because the carbon atoms are double bonded.
The ability of hydrocarbons to bind to itself is called cata- tation, and causes hydrocarbons to form more complex compounds, such as cyclohexane or arenas such as benzene. This ability is obtained because the bonding characteristics among carbon atoms are non-polar.
In accordance with the theory of valence bonds, carbon atoms must satisfy the "4-hydrogen" rule which states the maximum number of atoms that can bind to carbon, since carbon has 4 valence electrons. Seen from these valence electrons, carbon has 4 electrons that can form covalent bonds or dativ bonds.
Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic and are included in lipids.
Some hydrocarbons are available in abundance in the solar system. The lake contains methane and liquid ethane have been found on Titan, Saturn's largest natural satellite, as stated by the Cassini-Huygens Mission.
Using
Hydrocarbons are one of the most important sources of energy on earth. The main use is as a fuel source. In solid form, the hydrocarbon is one of the asphalt-forming compositions.
Hydrocarbons were once used for the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons, a substance used as propellant in mosquito spray. Currently chlorofluorocarbons are no longer used because they have an adverse effect on the ozone layer.
Methane and ethane are gaseous at room temperature and are not easily liquefied by pressure alone. Propane is easier to melt, and is usually sold in tubes in liquid form. Butane is very easy to melt, making it safer and often used for cigarette lighters. Pentana is clear liquid at room temperature, usually used in industry as wax and fat solvent. Hexane is usually also used as a chemical solvent and is included in the composition of gasoline.
Hexane, heptane, octane, nonana, decane, including with alkene and some cycloalkanes are important components of gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, and industrial solvents. With increasing carbon atoms, linear hydrocarbons will have higher viscosity and boiling properties, with darker shades.
Hydrocarbons are one of the most important sources of energy on earth. The main use is as a fuel source. In solid form, the hydrocarbon is one of the asphalt-forming compositions.
Hydrocarbons were once used for the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons, a substance used as propellant in mosquito spray. Currently chlorofluorocarbons are no longer used because they have an adverse effect on the ozone layer.
Methane and ethane are gaseous at room temperature and are not easily liquefied by pressure alone. Propane is easier to melt, and is usually sold in tubes in liquid form. Butane is very easy to melt, making it safer and often used for cigarette lighters. Pentana is clear liquid at room temperature, usually used in industry as wax and fat solvent. Hexane is usually also used as a chemical solvent and is included in the composition of gasoline.
Hexane, heptane, octane, nonana, decane, including with alkene and some cycloalkanes are important components of gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, and industrial solvents. With increasing carbon atoms, linear hydrocarbons will have higher viscosity and boiling properties, with darker shades.
What are the kinds of hydrocarbons? Explain to me
BalasHapusType hydrocarbons
HapusThere are basically three types of hydrocarbons:
An aromatic hydrocarbon, having at least one aromatic ring
Saturated hydrocarbons, also called alkanes, which do not have double bonds or aromatics.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, which have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, are divided into:
Alkene
Alkuns
Each of these carbon atoms can bind four other atoms or a maximum of only four hydrogen atoms. The number of hydrogen atoms can be determined from its hydrocarbon type.
Alkana: CnH2n + 2
Alkene: CnH2n
Alkuna: CnH2n-2
Cyclic hydrocarbons: CnH2n
What are the characteristics and classification of hydrocarbons?
BalasHapusCharacteristics
HapusIn general, the more complex the hydrocarbon, the higher the melting point and boiling point.
For example, simple hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, and propane, with one, two, and three carbon are gaseous compounds.
Examples of hydrocarbon liquid forms are hexane and octane. While the solid forms include paraffin wax and various polymers consisting of thousands of atomic chains, such as polyethylene.
The most prominent chemical characteristics of hydrocarbons are its combustible properties and its ability to form polymers.
Gas or liquid hydrocarbons will react with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water and release energy in the form of light and heat.
Initial energy may have to be given to start the reaction, but once started, the reaction will run independently, such as when turning on a gas stove with a spark.
The hydrocarbon solid form will also burn, but not too easily.
In some cases, not all carbon will form CO2. Soot, smoke, and carbon monoxide (CO) can also be produced when in a state of oxygen deprivation.
Type hydrocarbons
There are basically three types of hydrocarbons:
An aromatic hydrocarbon, having at least one aromatic ring
Saturated hydrocarbons, also called alkanes, which do not have double bonds or aromatics.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, which have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, are divided into:
Alkene
Alkuns
Each of these carbon atoms can bind four other atoms or a maximum of only four hydrogen atoms. The number of hydrogen atoms can be determined from its hydrocarbon type.
Alkana: CnH2n + 2
Alkene: CnH2n
Alkuna: CnH2n-2
Cyclic hydrocarbons: CnH2n
Try to explain the general characteristics of hydrocarbons
BalasHapusGeneral characteristics
HapusSince the molecular structure is different, the empirical formula between hydrocarbons is also different: the amount of hydrocarbons attached to the alkene and the alkalo must be less because the carbon atoms are double bonded.
The ability of hydrocarbons to bind to itself is called cata- tation, and causes hydrocarbons to form more complex compounds, such as cyclohexane or arenas such as benzene. This ability is obtained because the bonding characteristics among carbon atoms are non-polar.
In accordance with the theory of valence bonds, carbon atoms must satisfy the "4-hydrogen" rule which states the maximum number of atoms that can bind to carbon, since carbon has 4 valence electrons. Seen from these valence electrons, carbon has 4 electrons that can form covalent bonds or dativ bonds.
Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic and are included in lipids.
Some hydrocarbons are available in abundance in the solar system. The lake contains methane and liquid ethane have been found on Titan, Saturn's largest natural satellite, as stated by the Cassini-Huygens Mission.
Nina,
BalasHapusSpecify the difference between alkana and alkena ?
Saturated / saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) are the simplest hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons are composed entirely of single bonds and bonded with hydrogen. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n + 2. Saturated hydrocarbons are the main compositions of fossil fuels and are found in both straight and branched chains. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called structural isomers.
HapusUnsaturated / unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons having one or more double bonds, both duplicate and triplicate. Hydrocarbons having a double bond are called alkenes, with the general formula CnH2n. A hydrocarbon having a triple bond is called an alkene, with the general formula CnH2n-2
Is hydrocarbon soluble in sulfuric acid?
BalasHapusThe hydrocarbon reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid
HapusIncorporated 1 mL of hydrocarbon into a clean and dry reaction tube, added with 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and mixed with extreme caution. Observed the occurrence of changes and the incidence of heat, then poured the mixture into a 100 mL glass beaker filled with aquades and observed the presence or absence of oil layers floating on water.
From the above experiments it can be concluded that hydrocarbons are soluble in sulfuric acid
What is the justification of the hydrogen element in hydrocarbons after being burned? Explain!
BalasHapusAfter combustion with hydrocarbons, hydrogen will react with oxygen and will produce moisture or H2O
HapusPlease explain the difference between alkana, alkena and alkuna?
BalasHapusDifferences Between Alkali Alkanes Alkena:
Hapus1. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, which means having a single bond between the carbon atoms; Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which means comprising one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms; Alkalo is also unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more triple bonds between the carbon atoms.
2. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n + 2, the general formula for alkene in the case of non-cyclic compounds is CnH2n whereas the general formula for the alkalo in the case of noncyclic compounds is CnH2n-2.
3. Alkanes are the most stable hydrocarbons because carbon bonds are difficult to solve. They have remained unchanged for millions of years, alkenes are less stable than alkanes and more stable than alkalo, the alkalo is more reactive than alkanes and alkenes.
4. Alkanes are also called paraffins, alkenes are also called olefins, alkalo is also called acetylene.